Thailand
| Extent of IFRS application | Status | Additional Information |
|---|---|---|
| IFRS Standards are required for domestic public companies | No. Thai Accounting Standards are required. Thai Accounting Standards are substantially converged with IFRS Standards, though the financial instruments Standards that are part of IFRS Standards have not yet been adopted. Thai Accounting Standards include several national financial instruments standards that differ from IFRS Standards. | |
| IFRS Standards are permitted but not required for domestic public companies | No. Thai Accounting Standards are required. Thai Accounting Standards are substantially converged with IFRS Standards, though the financial instruments Standards that are part of IFRS Standards have not yet been adopted. Thai Accounting Standards include several national financial instruments standards that differ from IFRS Standards. | |
| IFRS Standards are required or permitted for listings by foreign companies |
|
Permitted, but currently no foreign companies are traded on the Stock Exchange of Thailand. |
| The IFRS for SMEs Standard is required or permitted | No. | |
| The IFRS for SMEs Standard is under consideration |
|
Yes. |
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Has the jurisdiction made a public commitment in support of moving towards a single set of high quality global accounting standards?
Has the jurisdiction made a public commitment towards IFRS Standards as that single set of high quality global accounting standards?
Yes.
This is stated on the Federation’s website in Thai language: www.fap.or.th/
What is the jurisdiction's status of adoption?
Thailand has adopted all IFRS Standards with a one-year delay from the equivalent IFRS Standard’s effective date, with the exception of the Standards relating to financial instruments (IAS 32 Financial Instruments: Presentation, IAS 39 Financial Instruments: Recognition and Measurement, IFRS 7 Financial Instruments: Disclosures, and IFRS 9 Financial Instruments) and first time adoption (IFRS 1 First-time Adoption of International Financial Reporting Standards).
The standards are known as Thai Financial Reporting Standards (TFRSs).
Additional comments provided on the adoption status?
As of 1 January 2017, TFRSs are aligned with the IFRS Bound Volume 2016.
- The following guidelines were translated from certain parts of IFRS Standards that have yet to become effective in Thailand:
- Guideline on Accounting Regarding Derecognition of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities (from IFRS 9)
- Guideline on Accounting for Insurance Business in Designating Financial Instruments as at Fair Value through Profit or Loss (from IFRS 9)
- The following guidelines address specific issues not covered by IFRS Standards:
- Guideline on Accounting for Stock Dividends
- Guideline on Accounting for Business Combinations Under Common Control
- Guideline on Accounting for Treasury Stock
- The FAP has announced a roadmap for adoption of IFRS Standards:
- Plan to adopt IFRS Standards one year after the IFRS Standard’s effective date. For example, IFRS Bound Volume 2017 will become effective 1 January 2018, except for the Standards on financial instruments (see below).
- The following standards are local GAAP and not comparable to IFRS Standards. They will all be superseded when IFRS 9, IAS 32, and IFRS 7 become effective in Thailand in 2019:
- TAS 101 Doubtful Debt and Bad Debt
- TAS 103 Disclosures in the Financial Statements of Bank and Similar Financial Institutions
- TAS 104 Accounting for Troubled-Debt Restructurings
- TAS 105 Accounting for Investments in Debt and Equity Securities
- TAS 106 Accounting for Investment Companies
- TAS 107 Financial Instruments : Presentation and Disclosure
- Regarding the IFRS Standards for financial instruments, the FAP has committed to adopt IFRS 9, IAS 32 and IFRS 7 in 2019 (one year delay from IFRS 9). Between now and 2019, the FAP plans to issue Thai equivalents of IFRS 9, IAS 32 and IFRS 7 in 2017, and to encourage early adoption. The FAP plans to adopt IFRS 15 Revenue from Contracts with Customers) in 2019, IFRS 16 Leases in 2020, and IFRS 17 Insurance Contracts tentatively in 2022 (one-year delay from the expected IFRS 17 effective date).
In addition, FAP is in the process of adopting a new accounting standard for small and medium-sized entities that is identical to the IFRS for SMEs Standard (amendment 2015), with the expected effective date in 2018. The main reasons that adoption of IFRS Standards is delayed by one year in Thailand are the need to translate the standards into the Thai language and to complete the FAP’s due process. The FAP’s stated policy is that IFRS Standards will be effective no later than one year from the IASB’s effective date.
If the jurisdiction has NOT made a public statement supporting the move towards a single set of accounting standards and/or towards IFRS Standards as that set of standards, explain the jurisdiction's general position towards the adoption of IFRS Standards in the jurisdiction.
For DOMESTIC companies whose debt or equity securities trade in a public market in the jurisdiction:
Are all or some domestic companies whose securities trade in a public market either required or permitted to use IFRS Standards in their consolidated financial statements?
No.
There are two stock exchanges in Thailand:
- The Stock Exchange of Thailand (SET) www.set.or.th/
- Market for Alternative Investment (MAI) www.mai.or.th/
Thai Accounting Standards (TAS) as adopted by the FAP and published in the Government Gazette are required for the following entities:
- Entities whose equity or debt instruments are traded in a public market (a domestic or foreign stock exchange or an over-the-counter market, including local and regional markets) or that files, or is in the process of filing, its financial statements with a securities commission or other regulatory organisation for the purpose of issuing securities in a public market.
- Entities whose operation is mainly holding assets in a fiduciary capacity for a broad group of outsiders, such as financial institutions, insurance companies, securities companies, mutual funds, agricultural futures market, in accordance with relevant laws.
- Public companies under Public Company Act.
Thai Accounting Standards are substantially converged with IFRS Standards. See details above. The Stock Exchange permits listed companies to apply ‘Thai Accounting Standards Plus IFRS Standards’ – that is, to use those IFRS Standards that have not yet been adopted as Thai Accounting Standards in addition to those that have been adopted (with added disclosures). Some listed companies have used the ‘Thai Accounting Standards Plus IFRS Standards’ approach.
If YES, are IFRS Standards REQUIRED or PERMITTED?
Does that apply to ALL domestic companies whose securities trade in a public market, or only SOME? If some, which ones?
Are IFRS Standards also required or permitted for more than the consolidated financial statements of companies whose securities trade in a public market?
For instance, are IFRS Standards required or permitted in separate company financial statements of companies whose securities trade in a public market?
For instance, are IFRS Standards required or permitted for companies whose securities do not trade in a public market?
If the jurisdiction currently does NOT require or permit the use of IFRS Standards for domestic companies whose securities trade in a public market, are there any plans to permit or require IFRS Standards for such companies in the future?
For FOREIGN companies whose debt or equity securities trade in a public market in the jurisdiction:
Are all or some foreign companies whose securities trade in a public market either REQUIRED or PERMITTED to use IFRS Standards in their consolidated financial statements?
If YES, are IFRS Standards REQUIRED or PERMITTED in such cases?
Does that apply to ALL foreign companies whose securities trade in a public market, or only SOME? If some, which ones?
Which IFRS Standards are required or permitted for domestic companies?
The auditor's report and/or the basis of presentation footnotes states that financial statements have been prepared in conformity with:
Does the auditor's report and/or the basis of preparation footnote allow for ‘dual reporting’ (conformity with both IFRS Standards and the jurisdiction’s GAAP)?
Are IFRS Standards incorporated into law or regulations?
If yes, how does that process work?
If no, how do IFRS Standards become a requirement in the jurisdiction?
Does the jurisdiction have a formal process for the 'endorsement' or 'adoption' of new or amended IFRS Standards (including Interpretations) in place?
If yes, what is the process?
IFRS Standards are not endorsed as IFRS Standards. The process that the FAP uses in adopting Thai Accounting Standards that are converged with IFRS Standards is as follows:
- The IFRS Standards is translated into the Thai language.
- The Thai language standard is issued in draft for public hearings.
- The Federation of Accounting Profession (FAP) and the Accounting standards Committee conduct public seminars, focus group discussions, etc to obtain comments.
- The Supervisory Accounting board of FAP approves the final standard and the FAP board also approves the standard.
- The Oversight Board of FAP (Kor Kor Bor) endorses the standard. Oversight Board members are regulators and other government officials.
- The standard is published in the Government Gazette.
The standard becomes effective after publication in the Gazette.
If no, how do new or amended IFRS Standards become a requirement in the jurisdiction?
Has the jurisdiction eliminated any accounting policy options permitted by IFRS Standards and/or made any modifications to any IFRS Standards?
If yes, what are the changes?
Other comments regarding the use of IFRS Standards in the jurisdiction?
Are IFRS Standards translated into the local language?
If they are translated, what is the translation process? In particular, does this process ensure an ongoing translation of the latest updates to IFRS Standards?
Has the jurisdiction adopted the IFRS for SMEs Standard for at least some SMEs?
If no, is the adoption of the IFRS for SMEs Standard under consideration?
Did the jurisdiction make any modifications to the IFRS for SMEs Standard?
If the jurisdiction has made any modifications, what are those modifications?
Which SMEs use the IFRS for SMEs Standard in the jurisdiction, and are they required or permitted to do so?
For those SMEs that are not required to use the IFRS for SMEs Standard, what other accounting framework do they use?
Currently SMEs in Thailand can use either (a) Thai Accounting Standards (TAS) or (b) the Thai Accounting Standard for Non-Publicly Accountable Entities (NPAEs). The FAP states that Thai GAAP for NPAEs is ‘short and simple and uses a historical cost measurement basis’.
As noted above, Thailand is in process of adopting the IFRS for SMEs Standard in full without modification, to be known as the Thai Financial Reporting Standard for SMEs (TFRS for SMEs), with an expected effective date of 2017. A study is currently in progress as to which type of entity will be required to adopt the TFRS for SMEs. The proposed plan is for a two-tier approach, namely:
- Tier 1 would apply TFRS for SMEs in full; and
- Tier 2 would apply TFRS for SMEs with exception for certain sections.
The criteria for separation between tier 1 and tier 2 are in process of discussion.
